1. Signaling Pathways
  2. NF-κB
  3. NF-κB

NF-κB (核因子κB)

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB(活化 B 细胞的核因子 κ 轻链增强子)是一种控制 DNA 转录的蛋白质复合物。NF-κB 存在于几乎所有动物细胞类型中,并参与细胞对压力、细胞因子、自由基、紫外线照射、氧化 LDL 以及细菌或病毒抗原等刺激的反应。NF-κB 在调节对感染的免疫反应中起着关键作用。NF-κB 的错误调节与癌症、炎症和自身免疫性疾病、感染性休克、病毒感染和免疫发育不当有关。NF-κB 还与突触可塑性和记忆过程有关。哺乳动物 NF-κB 家族中有五种蛋白质:NF-κB1、NF-κB2、RelA、RelB、c-Rel。

NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. There are five proteins in the mammalian NF-κB family: NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB, c-Rel.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2149A
    Tomatidine hydrochloride

    盐酸番茄碱

    Inhibitor 99.58%
    Tomatidine hydrochloride 通过阻断 NF-κBJNK 信号发挥抗炎作用。Tomatidine hydrochloride 激活哺乳动物细胞或秀丽隐杆线虫中的自噬 (autophagy)。
    Tomatidine hydrochloride
  • HY-B0678
    Metaxalone

    美他沙酮

    Inhibitor 99.77%
    Metaxalone (AHR438; NSC170959) 是 FDA 批准的一种肌肉松弛剂。Metaxalone 主要作用于中枢神经系统,通过抑制多突触反射弧达到肌肉松弛的效果。此外,Metaxalone 是 MAO-A 的抑制剂,具有抗炎和抗氧化的作用。Metaxalone 在 IL-1β 处理的小胶质细胞中,可抑制 IL-1β 诱导的炎症表型,调节 NF-κB 等相关信号通路以及降低 MAO-A 表达和活性。
    Metaxalone
  • HY-P1956A
    Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)

    人血清白蛋白

    Inhibitor 99.4%
    Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) (HSA) 是血浆中含量最高的蛋白质,是影响血浆瘤压的主要因素。Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) 具有抗氧化、抗凝血、抗炎、抗血小板聚集活性以及胶体渗透作用。Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) 能阻止 GML 抑制人类 T 细胞的能力,实现对 T 细胞功能的保护。Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) 也与心血管疾病相关,能部分阻止 LPS (HY-D1056) 诱导的氧化应激以及血管壁中 NF-κBiNOS 和过氧亚硝酸根 (ONOO) 上调的血压降低。
    Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)
  • HY-B0612
    Lercanidipine

    乐卡地平

    Inhibitor 99.65%
    Lercanidipine 是第三代、亲脂性、可穿透血脑屏障、血管选择性、具有口服活性的二氢吡啶钙通道阻断剂,pIC50 为 7.74(由 微摩尔浓度 转换而来)。Lercanidipine 具有持久的降压作用以及肾脏和神经保护作用,还具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡的特性。Lercanidipine 可用于心血管和神经学研究。
    Lercanidipine
  • HY-145801
    XT2 Inhibitor 99.48%
    XT2 是一种有效的、具有口服活性的、选择性的 NF-κB 诱导激酶 (NIK) 抑制剂,IC50 为 9.1 nM。XT2 抑制 CCl4 诱导的 ALT 上调,ALT 是急性肝损伤的关键生物标志物。XT2 还可以减少免疫细胞向受损肝组织的浸润。XT2具有研究肝脏炎症性疾病的潜力。
    XT2
  • HY-W082785A
    L6H21 Inhibitor 99.46%
    L6H21 是 Chalcone (HY-121054) 衍生物,是一种口服有效的特异性骨髓分化蛋白 (MD-2) 抑制剂。L6H21 高亲和力地直接与 MD-2 蛋白结合,KD 值为 33.3 μM,阻断 LPS-TLR4/MD-2 复合物形成。L6H21 抑制 LPS 诱导的 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞中 TNF-α IL-6 的表达,IC50 分别为 6.58 和 8.59 μM。L6H21 可用于酒精性肝病、代谢紊乱和神经炎症的研究。
    L6H21
  • HY-N0617
    Sanggenon C

    桑根酮 C

    Inhibitor 98.50%
    Sanggenon C 是一种黄酮类化合物,通过抑制钙调神经磷酸酶/NFAT2 途径对心脏肥大和纤维化发挥保护作用。Sanggenon C 通过阻断 ERK 信号通路来抑制线粒体分裂,从而诱导细胞凋亡。Sanggenon C 通过抑制 NF-κB 活性,抑制 RAW264.7 细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达,以及 TNF-α 刺激的细胞粘附和 VCAM-1 的表达。Sanggenon C 具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤作用。
    Sanggenon C
  • HY-N0665
    Specnuezhenide

    特女贞苷

    Inhibitor 99.52%
    Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) 是从女贞子的果实中分离出来的。Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) 可通过抑制 NF-κBwnt/β-catenin 信号传导来抑制 IL-1β 诱导的软骨细胞炎症。Specnuezhenide ((8E)-Nuezhenide) 可在骨关节炎 (OA) 大鼠模型中发挥抗炎作用。
    Specnuezhenide
  • HY-N1356
    Reticuline

    番荔枝碱

    Inhibitor 98.91%
    Reticuline 通过 JAK2/STAT3NF-κB 信号通路显示抗炎作用。Reticuline 还可抑制 TNF-α 和 IL-6mRNA 表达,并降低 JAK2STAT3 的磷酸化水平。Reticuline 具有心血管作用。
    Reticuline
  • HY-N6588
    3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid

    3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸

    Inhibitor 98.71%
    3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA) 通过抑制 AktNF-κB 途径抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α 刺激角质形成细胞中炎性介质的产生。3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid 诱导人神经干细胞 G0/G1 细胞周期阻滞、肌动蛋白骨架组织、染色质重塑、神经元分化和骨形态发生蛋白信号传导。3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid 在衰老相关疾病的研究中具有潜在的应用前景。
    3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-121508
    (E/Z)-IT-603 Inhibitor 99.91%
    (E/Z)-IT-603 是 E-IT-603 和 Z-IT-603 (IT-603) 的混合物。IT-603 是一种 c-Rel 抑制剂,其 IC50 值为3 μM。IT-603 具有抗癌活性。(E/Z)-IT-603 有望作为调节剂调节移植物抗宿主病和恶性病中的 T 细胞反应。
    (E/Z)-IT-603
  • HY-N2098
    Obtusifolin

    决明蒽醌

    Inhibitor 99.91%
    Obtusifolin 是从决明子的种子中分离出,通过抑制 NF-kB 通路来调节气道上皮细胞中 MUC5AC 粘蛋白的基因表达和产生。Obtusifolin 通过靶向甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白来抑制邻苯二甲酸酯诱导的乳腺癌骨转移。
    Obtusifolin
  • HY-155998
    NF-κB-IN-11 Inhibitor 98.42%
    NF-κB-IN-11 (Compound 3i) 是一种 NF-κB 抑制剂。NF-κB-IN-11 抑制 TNF-α 诱导的 NF-κB 通路激活,并抑制 NF-κB 的核转位。NF-κB-IN-11 下调磷酸化-IKK、IκBα 和 NF-κB p65 的表达水平。NF-κB-IN-11 具有抗炎活性,可减轻葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎。NF-κB-IN-11 (口服) 在小鼠急性毒性测定中显示 MTD 超过 1852 mg/kg。
    NF-κB-IN-11
  • HY-N6031
    Dendrophenol

    石斛酚

    Inhibitor 99.88%
    Dendrophenol (Moscatilin) 是一种 NF-κB 抑制剂,可抑制炎症反应。Dendrophenol 对多种肿瘤细胞具有杀伤作用,可诱导细胞周期阻滞和凋亡 (apoptosis)。Dendrophenol 具有抗肿瘤的活性。此外,Dendrophenol 可抑制血管钙化。
    Dendrophenol
  • HY-B0780
    Fimasartan

    非马沙坦

    Inhibitor 98.55%
    Fimasartan (BR-A-657) 是口服有效的血管紧张素受体 AT1 非肽类拮抗剂。Fimasartan 具有抗高血压的作用。Fimasartan 可改善脑出血后 NLRP3 炎症小体介导的神经炎症和脑损伤,具有神经保护的作用。Fimasartan 通过 NF-κB 和激活蛋白-1 失活抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达。
    Fimasartan
  • HY-D0162
    Malachite green hemioxalate

    孔雀石绿草酸盐

    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Malachite green hemioxalate 是一种三苯基甲烷染料,可用于检测酶促反应中磷酸盐的释放。Malachite green hemioxalate 也是一种有效和选择性的 IKBKE 抑制剂,同时抑制其下游靶标,如 IκBαp65IRF3。Malachite green hemioxalate 在体外和体内均表现出抗肿瘤活性。
    Malachite green hemioxalate
  • HY-N3945
    Glaucine

    海罂粟碱

    Inhibitor 99.57%
    Glaucine (O,O-Dimethylisoboldine) 是一种从 Glaucium flavum 中提取的生物碱,具有镇咳、支气管扩张、抗炎、镇痛、解热和抗癌等多种活性。Glaucine 是一种选择性的、口服活性的磷酸二酯酶 4 (PDE4) 抑制剂,在人支气管和多形核白细胞中的Ki为 3.4 µM。Glaucine 通过拮抗钙离子通道 (calcium channel) 来诱导人离体支气管的松弛。此外,Glaucine 还可通过抑制 NF-κB 的激活,减少 MMP-9 基因的表达,从而抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。因此,Glaucine 在哮喘和乳腺癌的研究中具有应用潜力。
    Glaucine
  • HY-151262
    JAK-IN-23 Inhibitor 98.90%
    JAK-IN-23 是 JAK/STATNF-κB 的双重抑制剂,具有口服活性。JAK-IN-23 对J AK1/2/3 具有抑制作用,IC50 值分别为 8.9 nM、15 nM 和 46.2 nM。JAK-IN-23 对干扰素刺激基因 (ISG) 和 NF-κB 通路具有较强的抑制活性,IC50 值分别为 3.3 nM 和 150.7 nM。JAK-IN-23 具有很强的抗炎作用,可以减少各种促炎因子的释放。JAK-IN-23 可用于炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的研究。
    JAK-IN-23
  • HY-N1490
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide

    14-脱氧-11,12-二去氢穿心莲内酯

    Inhibitor 99.91%
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide 是 Andrographolide 的类似物。14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide 抑制 NF-κB 活化。
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide
  • HY-114519
    Helenalin acetate Inhibitor 98.59%
    Helenalin acetate 是一种天然的 NF-κB 抑制剂,也是一种有效的 C/EBPβ 抑制剂。 Helenalin acetate 具有抗炎和抗癌活性。
    Helenalin acetate
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 应用 反应物种

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways[1]

 

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

 

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB[2][3].

 

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034. 
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

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