LY2109761 

L3.6pl/GLT cells are washed twice with cold PBS and lysed at 4°C into RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris HCl [pH 8], 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycolate, and 0.1% SDS). Tumor and liver specimens are homogenized into RIPA buffer with an electric homogenizer and then maintained in constant agitation for two hours at 4°C. The lysates are cleared by centrifugation. Each lysate (20 µg of protein) is separated by 8% SDS-PAGE and probed with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against total ERK1/2, TβRI, and TβRII or with monoclonal mouse antibodies against phosphorylated Smad2, total Smad2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and phosphorylated and total JNK. Immunoreactive proteins are visualized with Lumi-Light Western blotting substrate according to the manufacturer's instructions. phosphorylated Smad2/Smad2 band density ratios are calculated using the ImageQuant software.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Fifty mice are randomLy allocated into five groups (n=5 mice per group) to receive p.o. vehicle for 50 μL of LY2109761 or 50 mg/kg LY2109761 twice a day p.o. On day 0, mice are anesthetized with 1.5% isofluorane-air mixture, a small left abdominal flank incision is created, and the spleen is carefully exteriorized. L3.6pl/GLT or C5LM2/GLT cells (1.0×10⁵ cells/50 μL of HBSS), cultured in the presence of LY2109761 (5 μM) or DMSO from day −5 to day 0, are inoculated into the spleen with a 30-gauge needle. A visible paling of the spleen is the criterion for successful inoculation. After 10 min, the spleen is removed using a high-temperature cautery to avoid the possibility that the ectopic growth of pancreatic tumor cells in the spleen could be a confounding source of hematogenous liver metastatic cells. The abdominal wall is closed in one layer with wound clips. Treatment with 50 mg/kg LY2109761 twice a day p.o. (days 1-5 of each week after inoculation) is continued for one group of untreated mice inoculated with untreated cells.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Melisi D, et al. LY2109761, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor type I and type II dual inhibitor, as a therapeutic approach to suppressing pancreatic cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther, 2008, 7(4), 829-840.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Fransvea E, et al. Blocking transforming growth factor-beta up-regulates E-cadherin and reduces migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatology, 2008, 47(5), 1557-1566.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Zhang M, et al. Blockade of TGF-β signaling by the TGFβR-I kinase inhibitor LY2109761 enhances radiation response and prolongs survival in glioblastoma. Cancer Res, 2011, 71(23), 7155-7167.  [Content Brief]